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Taking care of your health can help you prevent serious diabetes complications. Along with your overall diabetes care, one key area to focus on is your kidney health. 

Why kidney health matters 

Diabetes is a chronic condition that can lead to a range of complications, including kidney disease. Over time, high blood glucose levels can damage the kidneys’ delicate filtering system. This can result in Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), also known as diabetic nephropathy, and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). 

When your kidneys aren’t working properly, waste and extra fluid build-up in your body, which can lead to more serious health issues like kidney failure.  

But there is good news: with early detection and good management, you can protect your kidneys and stay healthier for longer. 

How diabetes affects your kidneys 

Each of your kidneys contains about one million tiny filters called nephrons. These nephrons are responsible for filtering waste from your blood. Diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the nephrons, leading to scarring and loss of kidney function. 

Diabetic kidney disease often develops slowly over many years. In its early stages, there may be no obvious symptoms. That is why regular health checks are essential. 

Symptoms of kidney or bladder problems  

It is important to know the signs that may indicate kidney or bladder problems. If you notice any of these symptoms, speak to your doctor: 

• Changes in how often you pass urine 
• Blood in your urine 
• Feeling tired or lacking energy 
• Loss of appetite 
• Trouble sleeping 
• Headaches or difficulty concentrating 
• Shortness of breath 
• Nausea or vomiting 
• Swelling in your legs, feet, face, or hands (oedema). 

You may not always experience noticeable symptoms, especially in the early stages. Regular check-ups help catch kidney problems early – before symptoms appear. 

How to protect your kidneys 

Managing your diabetes well can make a big difference to your kidney health. Here are some key steps you can take: 

Keep your blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol within target range 

High blood glucose and blood pressure levels are the biggest risk factors for kidney damage. Work with your healthcare team to monitor and manage these levels. Your doctor may prescribe certain blood pressure medications to help protect your kidneys, even if your blood pressure seems okay. Similarly, your doctor may prescribe a certain diabetes medication to help protect your kidneys, even if your blood glucose levels are generally to target.  

Have a regular kidney health check 

As part of your annual cycle of care, your doctor should check your kidneys every year. This includes: 

• A urine test to check for albuminuria (protein in your urine)
• A blood test to estimate your kidney function (eGFR) 
• A blood pressure check. 

Finding signs of kidney problems early means treatment can start straight away. 

Would you like an email reminder to book your next annual kidney health check? Find out more

Stay active, eat well, and avoid harmful habits 

• Exercise regularly to support healthy blood pressure and weight. 
• Follow a healthy eating plan, rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean protein. 
• Quit smoking – smoking narrows blood vessels, worsening kidney damage and increasing blood pressure. 
• Limit alcohol, salt, and avoid harmful substances. 

Follow your annual cycle of care checklist as part of your diabetes management. Your healthcare team can support you with routine health tests and medication reviews for your overall wellbeing as well as kidney health.  

Bladder and kidney infections 

People with diabetes are at higher risk of bladder and kidney infections, especially women. High blood glucose levels can encourage the growth of bacteria in the urinary tract. Nerve damage caused by diabetes can also make it harder to completely empty your bladder, increasing infection risk. 

Symptoms of infection:  

• Needing to urinate more often, especially at night 
• Burning or pain when passing urine 
• Cloudy, strong-smelling urine 
• Backache or lower abdominal pain 
• Fever or chills (if the infection spreads to the kidneys).

Prompt treatment with antibiotics can prevent serious complications. If you have any concerns, contact your doctor right away. 

Type 2 diabetes and incontinence 

If you live with type 2 diabetes, you may experience bladder or bowel control issues. This can be due to: 

• Nerve damage reducing bladder sensation 
• Weakened pelvic floor muscles (especially if overweight) 
• Poor bladder emptying, increasing the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Good diabetes management, maintaining a healthy weight, and pelvic floor exercises can help reduce these issues. 

For more information and support:   

Early detection saves lives 

Kidney damage can progress silently. That’s why it’s so important to have regular kidney health checks as part of your diabetes care. Early diagnosis and treatment can slow or even prevent kidney disease from getting worse. 

More information 

Living with diabetes can be challenging, but you’re not alone. There are many resources available to help you stay informed and supported.